All travellers. Hepatitis A is transmitted by food & water.
Hepatitis A vaccine: 2 doses, 1st dose at least 15 days before departure. OR
Human immunoglobulin: can be given just before departure; effective for 3-6 month
Hepatitis B
Those at risk of sexual or blood contacts.
Hepatitis B vaccine: 3 doses starting 6 months before departure.
Diphtheria
All persons who have not received a booster in the previous 10 yrs.
Adult diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (ADT)
Tetanus
Polio
Measles
All travellers who are unsure of their immunisation status
MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Malaria
Little risk on the peninsula except in forrested national parks. Inland areas of Sarawak and rural Sabah are malarial.
Short term: Less than 2 months - Mefloquine weekly or doxycycline 100mg daily
Long term: More than 2 months - Mefloquine weekly or - Chloroquine weekly + proguanil
Typhoid
Travellers in rural areas or backpackers.
Typhoid vaccine (injection or capsules): 4 weeks before departure.
Japanese B encephalitis
Long term travellers, (over 2 months) especially rural areas.
Japanese B encephalitis vaccine: 3 doses.
Special Notes: MALAYSIA
Malaria
P falciparum - resistant to chloroquine and pyrimethamine.
Malayan peninsula and Sarawak - limited foci in deep hinterland. No risk in urban and coastal areas, including Penang.
Sabah - resistant P falciparum throughout the year.
Other mosquito / arthropod borne diseases
Dengue Fever.
Filariasis endemic in rural areas.
Outbreaks of Japanese B encephalitis, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever occur.
Mite-borne typhus has been reported.
Water & food borne
Diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera, dysentery, amoebiasis, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and E occur.
Helminthic infections relatively common.
Other
Hepatitis B highly endemic.
Rabies.
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